Ιnguinal hernia (βουβωνοκήλη).
inguinal hernia is a lump that occurs in your groin region, the area between the lower part of your abdomen and also your upper leg. Inguinal hernias take place as a result of a weakening of the muscles in the lower abdomen.
3 layers safeguard the intestinal tracts inside the reduced abdomen. The first is a thin membrane layer called the abdominal muscle. The second is comprised of the abdominal muscles, and also the third is your skin.
An inguinal hernia forms when your intestinal tracts and the peritoneum push through the muscles as well as appear as a bulge under your skin. Inguinal ruptures are dangerous since they have a tendency to keep getting larger and also your intestine can obtain caught inside the bulge and lose its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal hernia, and also surgical treatment might be needed to correct the problem.
Truths regarding inguinal hernia.
Inguinal hernias might happen on one or both sides of the body and are a lot more typical in men than women. An inguinal hernia can show up at any age. Infants might be born with one that doesn’t appear till they become grownups. About five out of every 100 children are born with the problem.
An inguinal rupture can also establish gradually if you increase stress on the walls of your abdominal muscles with tasks like straining to go to the washroom, coughing over a long period, being obese, or raising heavy weights. If you have a family history of inguinal rupture, you might be at a higher risk for one. Infants born before their due day are also at greater risk.
Sorts of inguinal rupture.
Inguinal hernias can be found in two types:.
Indirect inguinal hernia. This is the most common type, and also a sort of rupture that you may be born with. Although it can occur in men and women, it is a lot more common in guys. This is since the male testicle starts inside the abdominal area as well as has to go down through an opening in the groin location to get to the scrotum (the cavity that holds the testicles). If this opening does not shut at birth, a hernia creates. In females, this sort of hernia can take place if reproductive body organs or the small intestine slides right into the groin location as a result of a weak point in the abdominal muscles.
Straight inguinal rupture. This kind of rupture is triggered by weakening of your abdominal muscles gradually as well as is more likely to be seen in adults. Straight inguinal hernias occur only in men.
Signs and symptoms.
The main sign is a noticeable lump in your groin area. In guys, an inguinal rupture might expand down right into the scrotum as well as cause an enlarged scrotum. Small ruptures might relapse and forth through the opening in the abdomen as well as not cause any type of symptoms. Bigger ruptures may be massaged back into the abdominal area. Signs and symptoms of ruptures that go back and forth include:.
A lump that boosts in size when you pressure as well as disappears when you relax.
Unexpected discomfort in your groin or scrotum when exercising or straining.
A feeling of weak point, pressure, burning, or aching in your groin or scrotum.
An inguinal hernia that can’t be moved back into the abdomen is called an incarcerated rupture. This is a dangerous circumstance since the part of your intestine inside the rupture can become strangulated, which is a clinical emergency situation. Signs of a strangulated inguinal hernia include:.
Severe pain and redness.
Pain that maintains becoming worse.
High temperature.
Fast heart price.
Nausea or vomiting as well as throwing up.
Diagnosis.
Inguinal rupture is usually diagnosed via a case history as well as health examination. Your doctor will ask you inquiries regarding rupture signs. During the examination, she or he will look for and also feel for a bulge in your groin or scrotal location. You may be asked to stand and also cough to make the hernia show up. Inguinal ruptures in youngsters might only be seen or really felt when the kid weeps.
Inguinal Hernias in Children.
Therapy.
The method to fix an inguinal hernia is generally with an operation. In grownups with tiny ruptures that don’t cause signs, therapy may just be to enjoy it. Adults with symptoms as well as most children usually have surgical procedure to stop the possible complication of a strangulated hernia in the future. A put behind bars or strangulated hernia might need emergency surgery.
There are two primary sorts of surgical procedure for inguinal hernia:.
Open fixing. A laceration is made via the skin in the groin area. The doctor moves the rupture back inside the abdomen and also closes the abdominal wall with stitches. Often, if the opening is huge, the cosmetic surgeon may use an artificial (manufactured) mesh to reinforce the closure.
Laparoscopy. This type of surgical treatment utilizes a few little incisions and a thin extent with a small video camera. The specialist overcomes the range to repair the rupture. Artificial mesh might also be made use of in laparoscopic rupture surgery. Healing time after laparoscopy may be shorter than for open repair service.
Avoidance.
There is nothing you can do to prevent an indirect inguinal rupture, the kind you are born with. Direct hernias that take place in time may be stopped with these safety measures:.
Discover just how to lift hefty items correctly.
Stay clear of and also, when needed, treat bowel irregularity to stop stressing when having a defecation.
Get therapy for any kind of persistent cough.
If you are a man with an enlarged prostate and you stress to pass urine, obtain dealt with.
If you are obese, lose the additional pounds.
Managing inguinal rupture.
If you have had surgery for inguinal rupture, it is necessary to follow all your physician’s guidelines and also maintain your follow-up appointments. Rising as well as strolling is an important part of healing and also aids stop issues. You can assist to maintain an inguinal hernia from coming back after surgery by staying clear of hefty training as well as various other strenuous activity. Ask your physician what kinds of tasks are secure and when you can return to work.
If you have a little hernia that is being viewed or a repaired hernia, take steps to avoid becoming constipated. Eat great deals of fiber, drink lots of liquids, workout, and bowel movement when you feel need.
Call your medical professional if your inguinal hernia signs get worse, as well as always call today if:.
You have an agonizing bulge that can not be pushed back inside.
You have boosting discomfort, swelling, or redness.
You have nausea, fever, or vomiting in addition to hernia pain.
stomach hernia κήλη στην κοιλιά
Abdominal Wall Hernias.
A hernia takes place when an organ extends via the wall of muscle mass that surrounds it. There are several different sorts of ruptures that can take place in the abdominal and also surrounding areas. These consist of umbilical ruptures, epigastric hernias, incisional ruptures, and also others. For additional information on these particular kinds of ruptures, consisting of symptoms and also treatment techniques, see listed below.
Types of Abdominal Wall Surface Hernias.
Epigastric Rupture.
An epigastric hernia happens when a damaged area in the abdominal wall permits a little fat to press with. Epigastric hernias are generally small. They happen in the middle of the stubborn belly, in the location in between the tummy switch as well as the breastbone.
Some patients develop greater than one epigastric rupture each time. These hernias typically don’t create signs and symptoms, but you may experience discomfort in your upper stubborn belly.
Treatment of epigastric ruptures typically entails surgical treatment, yet your medical professional will discuss all your alternatives with you thoroughly.
Incisional Hernia.
A rupture that occurs in the location of a previous surgical treatment is called an incisional rupture. These ruptures might take place when the stomach wall surface has been deteriorated by surgery, or when a surgical cut ends up being infected, more compromising the location.
Incisional hernias are reasonably typical since surgical cuts compromise the abdominal area. That weak point makes it less complicated for a part of the intestinal tract or other tissue to protrude.
Incisional ruptures can establish not long after surgery, or they can establish slowly, over months or perhaps years. They typically happen together with upright lacerations. Incisional hernias often tend to be huge and instead unpleasant.
Incisional ruptures will certainly not heal by themselves. Speak with your physician for even more details concerning your treatment alternatives.
Spigelian Hernia.
Spigelian hernias take place throughout the spigelian fascia. Unlike various other types of hernias, which create right away below layers of fat, spigelian ruptures happen in the midst of stomach muscles. This suggests that spigelian ruptures might not be promptly noticeable as a bulge or swelling. They can go unseen for longer periods of time.
Due to the fact that spigelian hernias have a tendency to be tiny, the risk of developing a strangulated hernia is higher.
Spigelian hernias often tend to occur even more seldom than various other kinds of ruptures.
Umbilical Hernia.
An umbilical rupture happens when a vulnerable point in the stomach enables a little fat, fluid, or intestine to press through, developing a lump or bulge near the belly switch.
Umbilical ruptures often take place in babies. In many cases, these ruptures will certainly heal by themselves. Sometimes, however, surgery might be called for.
Umbilical hernias likewise happen in adults, specifically those with wellness issues that cause raised stress in the stubborn belly. Those issues might include excessive weight, pregnancy, persistent coughing or irregular bowel movements, and problem peing.
Since they often tend to expand bigger gradually, umbilical hernias need treatment. Therapy usually entails surgery, however your medical professional will certainly go over all your alternatives with you in detail. Without treatment, you go to risk of creating a strangulated rupture, which means that blood supply to the cells has actually been cut off. Strangulation is harmful and calls for emergency situation surgery.
Signs and symptoms.
Abdominal wall surface hernias are typically visible: they will certainly look like a lump or bulge beneath the skin. These hernias don’t generally trigger any other signs and symptoms with the exception of mild discomfort or pain, usually when you are straining (as an example, raising something hefty).
If the rupture comes to be strangulated, nevertheless, you may experience a lot more major signs, such as serious discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and/or redness in the area of the rupture. Contact your medical professional promptly if you start to experience these signs. A strangulated hernia is dangerous.
Causes.
Stomach wall surface ruptures can take place in individuals of any type of age, including babies. Nevertheless, the risk of establishing a hernia has a tendency to raise as you age. Many abdominal wall hernias are caused by a location of weakness in the abdominal wall surfaces. A variety of different aspects can contribute to the growth of that weakness. These factors consist of:.
Aging.
Persistent coughing.
Collagen vascular condition.
Frequent heavy lifting.
Genetic defects.
History of previous ruptures.
Infection (specifically following surgery).
Injuries to the stomach area.
Weight problems.
Pregnancy.
Straining during bowel movements or urination.
Surgical openings.
Diagnosis.
In most cases, your doctor will have the ability to establish whether you remain in fact suffering from a rupture just by looking as well as by delicately palpating the damaged area.
If somehow a medical diagnosis isn’t immediately noticeable, your doctor might choose to get an imaging examination, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. These imaging tests can assist to show the hole in the muscle wall, in addition to the cells protruding from it.
Treatment.
Abdominal wall surface hernias that have no connected symptoms might not call for any kind of treatment at all. Your doctor will discuss your options with you which may consist of surgical treatment or careful waiting.
Bigger ruptures, nonetheless, or ruptures that are causing discomfort, may call for medical fixing to eliminate discomfort in addition to prevent issues.
There are two sorts of surgical hernia repair service: open and minimally intrusive surgical treatment. The kind of surgery selected will certainly depend on the extent and sort of hernia you’ve established, the anticipated recovery time, your past medical as well as medical background, as well as your surgeon’s experience.
Open up Surgery: Throughout this procedure, your surgeon will certainly make a small laceration into your groin, and then press the sticking out cells back right into your abdominal area. Your doctor will certainly after that sew up the damaged location. Sometimes, your doctor will use a mesh to strengthen that damaged location.
Open up surgical treatment can be executed either with basic anesthetic or with sedation or neighborhood anesthesia.
After your surgical procedure, it might be several weeks prior to you’re able to fully resume your normal tasks. However, it’s still crucial that you begin stiring again asap for a much healthier recuperation.
Minimally Intrusive Surgical Treatment: Minimally intrusive surgical treatment is generally done under basic anesthesia.
During this treatment, your doctor will make a few small lacerations in your abdomen. Your doctor will certainly after that inflate your abdomen, using a special gas, in order to make your internal organs less complicated to see.
Your specialist will then put a tiny, slim tube into one of the incisions in your abdominal area. This tube has a small cam, or laparoscope, at the end of it. That camera functions as a kind of overview for your cosmetic surgeon, that is then able to put surgical instruments through the various other lacerations in your abdomen. Your specialist will repair the rupture utilizing and also may make use of mesh.
Clients that are candidates for minimally invasive surgery might experience less scarring and also pain adhering to surgery than those who undertake open surgical treatment. Individuals might also have the ability to return quicker to their regular tasks.
Your medical professionals will talk with you thoroughly about every one of your treatment choices and will recommend a course of action ideal suited to your specific needs.
An umbilical hernia (ομφαλοκήλη ).
An umbilical rupture is an irregular bulge that can be seen or felt at the umbilicus (tummy button). This hernia develops when a portion of the lining of the abdominal area, part of the intestinal tract, as well as/ or fluid from the abdominal area, comes through the muscle mass of the stomach wall surface.
Umbilical ruptures are common, happening in 10 percent to 20 percent of all children. They are, nonetheless, extra typical in African-Americans.
Reduced birth weight and premature babies are likewise more probable to have an umbilical hernia. Young boys and women are similarly affected.
Reasons For Umbilical Hernia.
As the unborn child establishes during pregnancy, there is a little opening in the stomach muscles that permits the umbilical cord to pass through, connecting mom to child.
As the infant expands after birth, this opening in the stomach muscles closes. In some cases, nevertheless, these muscular tissues do not satisfy as well as expand with each other totally, and a small opening stays. This opening is called an umbilical hernia.
Symptoms and signs of Umbilical Rupture.
Umbilical hernias look like a bulge or swelling in the tummy button location. The swelling may end up being much more recognizable when the child cries, and might lessen or go away when the infant is quiet. If a doctor gently pushes on the lump when a youngster is resting and also calm, it will normally obtain smaller or go back into the abdomen.
Sometimes the intestinal tracts get trapped within the umbilical hernia. This is described as an incarcerated rupture. When this happens, the kid usually has serious pain and the bulge may be firm and red. Urgent medical evaluation to omit a jailed hernia is called for in order to protect against feasible damages to the intestinal tracts. It is unusual for this to occur.
Medical Diagnosis of Umbilical Rupture.
Physical exam by a medical professional can diagnose an umbilical rupture and can additionally determine if there are any abdominal contents captured in the rupture sac.
Therapy for Umbilical Rupture.
Many umbilical ruptures close spontaneously by ages 3 to 4. If closure does not happen by this time, medical repair service is normally recommended. In younger children, if there is an episode of imprisonment or if the hernia is large, surgical repair may be suggested.
Surgical treatment to repair the hernia is performed under general anesthesia.
A small laceration is made at the base of the belly switch. If any type of intestine is present in the rupture, it is placed back into the stomach cavity. The opening in the muscular tissue is after that fixed with numerous layers of stitches to prevent an additional rupture. A dressing and/ or incision glue is positioned to maintain the tummy switch level.
While early babies as well as children with specific clinical conditions may need over night monitoring in the health center, a lot of children have the ability to return residence within a couple of hrs after surgical procedure.
Long-Term Overview.
When the rupture is shut, it is not likely that it will return. Nonetheless, the threat of reoccurrence is raised in clients who have wound infections following surgical treatment.